Transient myopia is an unreported toxicity of docetaxel. We report an unexpected development of myopia following SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY with docetaxel. A 38-year-old woman undergoing CHEMOTHERAPY for breast cancer received docetaxel every two weeks. Prior to CHEMOTHERAPY, she had no visual impairments, ocular disorders, or other comorbidities. After seven cycles of SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY, she began experiencing visual impairment. Her spherical equivalent refractive errors were -2.00 D in the right eye and -1.63 D in the left eye. Uncorrected visual acuity was 0.42 logMAR in the right eye and 0.3 logMAR in the left eye, both correctable to 0 logMAR. At a 4-week follow-up after cessation of CHEMOTHERAPY, her vision gradually recovered. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of docetaxel induced myopia in a patient undergoing cancer treatment in the English literature, underscoring the need for clinicians to be aware of this potential ocular toxicity.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate changes in tear volume and dry eye symptoms in cancer patients following first time SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, cancer patients undergoing CHEMOTHERAPY for the first time with different drug regimens were evaluated before and after treatment. Assessments included the Schirmer’s test, the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, and a comprehensive eye examination for all patients. Results: A total of 60 patients (120 eyes) with a mean age of 52. 07 ± 13. 047(range: 18-80 years) were examined. Of these patients 53. 3% (n = 32) were female. The mean Schirmer’s test score was 9. 17 ± 8. 65 mm before CHEMOTHERAPY and 10. 02 ± 9. 82 mm after CHEMOTHERAPY,showing no statistically significant difference (P = 0. 865). The only group showing a significant increase in mean Schirmer’s test score was patients older than 40 years old (P < 0. 01). Conclusion: Although changes in mean tear volume following SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY were not significant-except among patients over 40 years old-further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are warranted.

Introduction: The quality of the extracted genomic DNA is largely reduced in patients who are exposed to chemotherapeutic treatment, which is usually encountered in the commonly used DNA extraction methods that are not designed to isolate DNA from those patients. In this study, a special non-organic protocol was developed to overcome the negative effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on the quality of extracted DNA.Materials and Methods: Numerous modulations were applied in the washing, suspension, and lysis approaches to compensate for the harmful impacts of the chemotherapeutic drugs on the quality of genomic DNA. Obvious purity and adequate yields of the extracted DNA were demonstrated in the suggested protocol. The validity of this protocol for digestion with restriction endonucleases, conventional PCR, and real-time PCR was confirmed.Results: This protocol proved satisfactory values of absorbance ratio (1.8 ± 0.02 and 2.1 ± 1.2, for A260/280 and A260/230, respectively) and adequate yields of DNA (10 ± 2.24) µg/100 µl. The validation experiments proved the efficacy of extracted DNA for downstream applications of molecular biology.Conclusions: The utilization of this method entails a useful approach for extracting molecular biology-grade DNA without having inhibitors against common enzymes used in molecular biology even after exposing patients to several sessions of CHEMOTHERAPY.

Purpose: To report our 5‑, year experience in treating retinoblastoma (RB) with intra‑, arterial CHEMOTHERAPY (IAC) as a primary or secondary therapy, without adjuvant intravitreal CHEMOTHERAPY. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 70 eyes with intraocular RB that were treated with primary or secondary IAC from December 2010‑, 2015. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, tumor control, and treatment complications were compared and reported. Results: Thirty‑, seven eyes had received IAC as a secondary therapy after failed/incomplete response to SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY, and 33 eyes had received IAC as a primary treatment. The mean age of patients was 25 ±,8. 9 months, and the patients were followed for a mean of 24. 5 ±,16. 26 months. Overall, enucleation rates were significantly higher in advanced tumors (Group D and E) in both groups (both P < 0. 05). The main reason for enucleation in this study group was being unresponsive to treatment (27. 4%), with 76% of latter patients having vitreous seeds at the time of enucleation. Enucleation rates did not differ significantly between patients receiving primary (18/33, 54%) or secondary IAC (18/37, 48%) (P = 0. 06). In addition, recurrence and complication rates did not differ significantly between eyes receiving IAC as their primary or secondary treatment (P > 0. 05). Conclusion: In primary and secondary treatment of RB with IAC, the main findings that are globe salvage, recurrence, and complication rates were comparable when no adjuvant intravitreal CHEMOTHERAPY was used.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer among humans, and the standard treatment is surgery. Other modalities are reserved as a second line of treatment. Topical CHEMOTHERAPY may be used in primary BCC. SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY has no role in the primary treatment of BCC, although it may be efficacious in metastatic cases. We report the case of a patient with persistent recurrent BCC following multiple surgeries and radiotherapy, who achieved a dramatic response with a cisplatin and 5-flourouracil CHEMOTHERAPY regimen.

Background and aim: Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin disorders with a genetic background. Several treatment modalities have been used, including SYSTEMIC and bath PUVA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of SYSTEMIC and bath PUVA in the treatment of psoriasis in Razi Hospital.Materials and methods: This retrospective database study was done in Razi Hospital and the records of 390 psoriatic patients referred to phototherapy unit in 1999-2003 were studied. One hundred and forty nine patients were treated with SYSTEMIC and 238 patients with bath PUVA.Results: The most common form of psoriasis was the plaque type and the majority of patients were male. Complete remission of disease was achieved in 20.1% of SYSTEMIC PUVA and 17.2% of bath PUVA patients, usually after 20-29 sessions of phototherapy. The mean cumulative UVA dose for complete remission was 233.46 and 108.79 J/cm2 in SYSTEMIC and bath PUVA groups, respectively. Relapse occurred in 33.3% and 17.07% of patients achieving complete remission in SYSTEMIC and bath PUVA groups, respectively. Erythema was the most common side effect in both groups.Conclusion: Both SYSTEMIC and bath PUVA are efficacious in the treatment of psoriasis. The total UVA dose needed for complete clearance was higher in SYSTEMIC PUVA and relapse occurred more frequently in this group.

Background: The rate of recurrence and mortality in high-risk prostate cancer remains high. On the other hand, the use of CHEMOTHERAPY in metastatic prostate cancer has improved overall survival of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant CHEMOTHERAPY alone on increasing survival of patients with high risk localized prostate cancer Methods: This is a systematic review study. Databases including Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Embase were searched. The terms used include prostate cancer, adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant, CHEMOTHERAPY, CHEMOTHERAPY alone, SYSTEMIC therapy. Of the various types of articles, only oiginal research studies that specifically focused on neoadjuvant CHEMOTHERAPY (not CHEMOTHERAPY with target therapy, immunotherapy, or hormone therapy) were identified. Inclusion criteria included study type (original research studies) and sample type (high-risk localized prostate cancer patients) and outcome type (patient survival). Results: A total of 17 original research studies were identified. All of these studies were phase one or phase two. Docetaxel was the most commonly used CHEMOTHERAPY drug. Also, the most common regimen used was the use of docetaxel alone. The rate of decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (>50%) after neoadjuvant CHEMOTHERAPY was reported in 24 to 58% of patients. PSA declines of less than 50% after neoadjuvant CHEMOTHERAPY occurred in 40 to 100% of patients. No studies reported a complete pathologic response following neoadjuvant CHEMOTHERAPY. However, the relative pathologic response and reduced tumor volume were seen in the majority of patients. All of these studies showed that neoadjuvant CHEMOTHERAPY alone, in high-risk prostate cancer patients, was almost well tolerated and that the complications were mostly mild (grade 1 and 2). Grade 3 and 4 complications were negligible. A 2-year recurrence-free survival of up to 68. 5% and a 5-year recurrence-free survival of up to 49% were reported. The overall 5-year survival also ranged from 35 to 48%. Conclusion: The use of neoadjuvant CHEMOTHERAPY alone has not clearly increased the survival of patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer, and there is controversy in studies.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify factors that can be used to predict severe neutropenia (grade 3 or higher) in patients with advanced urothelial cancer after cisplatin-based SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY. Materials and Methods: The study examined 79 Korean patients with advanced urothelial cancer who were treated with several cycles of cisplatin-based SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY from May 2006 to May 2015. Risk factors for neutropenia (grade 3 or higher) and for the occurrence of neutropenia (grade 3 or higher) during the first cycle of CHEMOTHERAPY were examined. Result: Thirty-six out of the 79 patients (45. 6%) developed neutropenia at grade 3 or higher during the first cycle of cisplatin-based SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY: 18 (22. 7%) of these experienced grade 3 neutropenia and 18 (22. 7%) experienced grade 4. Multivariate analysis identified pretreatment neutrophil counts (P =. 001) as the only significant factor predictive for severe neutropenia. Conclusion: The pretreatment neutrophil count was found to be the factor that poses a significant and independent risk in development of severe neutropenia induced by applying cisplatin-based SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY to patients with advanced urothelial cancer.